Python implements Windows system calculator program (including advanced functions)
Below I will introduce how to create a full-featured Windows-style calculator program using Python, including basic operations and advanced math functions.
1. Implement the basic calculator using Tkinter
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import math
class Calculator:
def __init__(self, root):
= root
("Advanced Calculator")
("400x550")
(False, False)
# Current input and results self.current_input = ""
self.previous_input = ""
= None
self.reset_input = False
# Create an interface self.create_widgets()
def create_widgets(self):
# Show box self.display_frame = ()
self.display_frame.pack(fill=, padx=10, pady=10)
self.expression_var = ()
self.expression_label = (
self.display_frame,
textvariable=self.expression_var,
font=("Arial", 18),
anchor=
)
self.expression_label.pack(fill=, expand=True)
self.result_var = ()
self.result_label = (
self.display_frame,
textvariable=self.result_var,
font=("Arial", 28, "bold"),
anchor=,
foreground="blue"
)
self.result_label.pack(fill=, expand=True)
# Button frame self.buttons_frame = ()
self.buttons_frame.pack(fill=, expand=True)
# Button layout buttons = [
("C", 0, 0, "#FF9500", self.clear_all),
("⌫", 0, 1, "#FF9500", self.delete_last),
("÷", 0, 2, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("/")),
("×", 0, 3, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("*")),
("7", 1, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("7")),
("8", 1, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("8")),
("9", 1, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("9")),
("-", 1, 3, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("-")),
("4", 2, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("4")),
("5", 2, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("5")),
("6", 2, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("6")),
("+", 2, 3, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("+")),
("1", 3, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("1")),
("2", 3, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("2")),
("3", 3, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("3")),
("=", 3, 3, "#4CD964", ),
("0", 4, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("0")),
(".", 4, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(".")),
("(", 4, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")),
(")", 4, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(")")),
# Advanced Function Button ("sin", 5, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("(")),
("cos", 5, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("(")),
("tan", 5, 2, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("(")),
("log", 5, 3, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.log10(")),
("√", 6, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("(")),
("x²", 6, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_operation("**2")),
("x³", 6, 2, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_operation("**3")),
("π", 6, 3, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_number(str())),
("e", 7, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_number(str())),
("x^y", 7, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_operation("**")),
("(", 7, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")),
(")", 7, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(")")),
("Ans", 8, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_number(str(self.previous_result))),
("1/x", 8, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("1/(" + self.current_input + ")")),
("n!", 8, 2, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("(int(" + self.current_input + "))" if self.current_input.isdigit() else "")),
("(", 8, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")),
]
# Create button for (text, row, col, color, command) in buttons:
button = (
self.buttons_frame,
text=text,
command=command
)
if () or text in [".", "+", "-", "*", "/", "(", ")", "^"]:
(style="")
elif text in ["sin", "cos", "tan", "log", "√", "x²", "x³", "Ans", "1/x", "n!"]:
(style="")
else:
(style="")
(row=row, column=col, sticky="nsew", padx=5, pady=5)
# Configure grid weights self.buttons_frame.grid_rowconfigure(row, weight=1)
self.buttons_frame.grid_columnconfigure(col, weight=1)
# Set button style style = ()
("TButton", font=("Arial", 14))
("TButton",
foreground=[('pressed', 'white'), ('active', '#007AFF')],
background=[('pressed', '#007AFF'), ('active', '#007AFF')],
relief=[('pressed', 'flat'), ('active', 'flat')])
("", background="#F2F2F7")
("", background="#FF9500", foreground="white")
("", background="#5856D6", foreground="white")
# Calculate the result variable self.previous_result = 0
def add_number(self, number):
if self.reset_input:
self.current_input = ""
self.reset_input = False
if number == "." and "." in self.current_input:
return
self.current_input += number
self.expression_var.set(self.current_input)
def add_operation(self, operation):
if self.current_input == "" and self.previous_input == "":
return
if self.previous_input:
()
= operation
else:
= operation
self.previous_input = self.current_input
self.current_input = ""
self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input + " " + operation)
def add_function(self, function):
if self.reset_input:
self.current_input = ""
self.reset_input = False
# Check if brackets are required if not (self.current_input.endswith(")") or self.current_input == ""):
self.current_input += ")"
self.current_input += function
if not self.current_input.endswith(")"):
self.current_input += "("
self.expression_var.set(self.current_input)
def clear_all(self):
self.current_input = ""
self.previous_input = ""
= None
self.reset_input = False
self.expression_var.set("")
self.result_var.set("")
def delete_last(self):
if self.current_input:
self.current_input = self.current_input[:-1]
self.expression_var.set(self.current_input if self.current_input else "")
elif self.previous_input:
self.previous_input = self.previous_input[:-1]
self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input if self.previous_input else "")
def calculate(self):
try:
# Replace x with * for calculation expression = self.current_input.replace("^", "**")
# Handle special functions if "sin(" in expression:
expression = ("sin(", "(")
if "cos(" in expression:
expression = ("cos(", "(")
if "tan(" in expression:
expression = ("tan(", "(")
if "log(" in expression:
expression = ("log(", "math.log10(")
if "√(" in expression:
expression = ("√(", "(")
result = eval(expression, {"math": math})
self.previous_input = str(result)
self.current_input = str(result)
self.expression_var.set(str(result))
self.result_var.set("=" + str(result))
self.previous_result = result
self.reset_input = True
except Exception as e:
self.expression_var.set("mistake")
self.result_var.set("")
self.current_input = ""
self.previous_input = ""
self.reset_input = False
@property
def current_input(self):
return self._current_input
@current_input.setter
def current_input(self, value):
self._current_input = value
# Create the main window and run the calculatorif __name__ == "__main__":
import math
root = ()
calculator = Calculator(root)
# Add custom styles style = ()
style.theme_use('clam')
()2. Advanced function implementation
2.1 Scientific computing functions
The above code has implemented the following advanced functions:
- Trigonometric functions: sin, cos, tan
- Logarithmic function: log10
- Square root: √
- Power operations: x², x³, x^y
- Constant: π, e
- Factorial: n!
- Inverse function: 1/x
2.2 History function (extended)
To add history function, you can modify the code as follows:
class Calculator:
def __init__(self, root):
# ...Other initialization codes ... = [] #Storing computing history
def calculate(self):
try:
# ... Calculate code ...
# Add to history if self.previous_input and and self.current_input:
expression = f"{self.previous_input} {} {self.current_input}"
((expression, str(result)))
if len() > 10: # Limit the number of history records (0)
# ...Other codes ...
except Exception as e:
# ... Error handling code ...
def show_history(self):
# Create a new window to display history history_window = ()
history_window.title("Computation History")
history_window.geometry("350x400")
history_text = (history_window, font=("Arial", 12))
history_text.pack(fill=, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
for expr, res in :
history_text.insert(, f"{expr} = {res}\n")
history_text.config(state=)2.3 Graphic drawing function (extended)
To add function graph drawing functionality, you can use matplotlib:
import as plt
from .backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
class Calculator:
# ...Other codes ...
def plot_function(self):
function_window = ()
function_window.title("Function Drawing")
function_window.geometry("600x500")
# Create an input box input_frame = (function_window)
input_frame.pack(fill=, padx=10, pady=10)
(input_frame, text="Input function (usexAs a variable):").pack(side=)
function_entry = (input_frame, width=30)
function_entry.pack(side=, padx=5)
function_entry.insert(0, "(x)") # Default function
# Create a drawing area fig_frame = (function_window)
fig_frame.pack(fill=, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
fig, ax = (figsize=(6, 5))
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=fig_frame)
canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(fill=, expand=True)
# Draw buttons def draw_plot():
try:
func_str = function_entry.get()
x = (-10, 10, 400)
y = eval(func_str, {"math": math, "x": x, "np": np})
()
(x, y)
ax.set_title(f"y = {func_str}")
(True)
()
except Exception as e:
("mistake", f"Cannot draw function: {str(e)}")
(function_window, text="draw", command=draw_plot).pack(pady=5)3. Complete functional integration
Integrate the above functionality into a complete calculator program:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox
import math
import numpy as np
class AdvancedCalculator:
def __init__(self, root):
= root
("Advanced Scientific Calculator")
("500x650")
(False, False)
self.current_input = ""
self.previous_input = ""
= None
self.reset_input = False
= []
self.create_widgets()
def create_widgets(self):
# Show box self.display_frame = ()
self.display_frame.pack(fill=, padx=10, pady=10)
self.expression_var = ()
self.expression_label = (
self.display_frame,
textvariable=self.expression_var,
font=("Arial", 14),
anchor=
)
self.expression_label.pack(fill=, expand=True)
self.result_var = ()
self.result_label = (
self.display_frame,
textvariable=self.result_var,
font=("Arial", 24, "bold"),
anchor=,
foreground="blue"
)
self.result_label.pack(fill=, expand=True)
# Button frame self.buttons_frame = ()
self.buttons_frame.pack(fill=, expand=True)
# Button layout buttons = [
# Line 1 ("C", 0, 0, "#FF9500", self.clear_all),
("⌫", 0, 1, "#FF9500", self.delete_last),
("÷", 0, 2, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("/")),
("×", 0, 3, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("*")),
# Line 2 ("7", 1, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("7")),
("8", 1, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("8")),
("9", 1, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("9")),
("-", 1, 3, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("-")),
# Line 3 ("4", 2, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("4")),
("5", 2, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("5")),
("6", 2, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("6")),
("+", 2, 3, "#FF9500", lambda: self.add_operation("+")),
# Line 4 ("1", 3, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("1")),
("2", 3, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("2")),
("3", 3, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("3")),
("=", 3, 3, "#4CD964", ),
# Line 5 ("0", 4, 0, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("0")),
(".", 4, 1, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(".")),
("(", 4, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")),
(")", 4, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(")")),
# Line 6 - Advanced Features ("sin", 5, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("(")),
("cos", 5, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("(")),
("tan", 5, 2, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("(")),
("log", 5, 3, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("math.log10(")),
# Line 7 ("√", 6, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("(")),
("x²", 6, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_operation("**2")),
("x³", 6, 2, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_operation("**3")),
("π", 6, 3, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_number(str())),
# Line 8 ("e", 7, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_number(str())),
("x^y", 7, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_operation("**")),
("(", 7, 2, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number("(")),
(")", 7, 3, "#333333", lambda: self.add_number(")")),
# Line 9 ("Ans", 8, 0, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_number(str(self.previous_result))),
("1/x", 8, 1, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("1/(" + self.current_input + ")")),
("n!", 8, 2, "#5856D6", lambda: self.add_function("(int(" + self.current_input + "))" if self.current_input.isdigit() else "")),
("Hist", 8, 3, "#5856D6", self.show_history),
]
# Create button for (text, row, col, color, command) in buttons:
button = (
self.buttons_frame,
text=text,
command=command
)
if () or text in [".", "+", "-", "*", "/", "(", ")", "^"]:
(style="")
elif text in ["sin", "cos", "tan", "log", "√", "x²", "x³", "Ans", "1/x", "n!"]:
(style="")
elif text in ["Hist"]:
(style="")
else:
(style="")
(row=row, column=col, sticky="nsew", padx=5, pady=5)
# Configure grid weights self.buttons_frame.grid_rowconfigure(row, weight=1)
self.buttons_frame.grid_columnconfigure(col, weight=1)
# Set button style style = ()
("TButton", font=("Arial", 14))
("TButton",
foreground=[('pressed', 'white'), ('active', '#007AFF')],
background=[('pressed', '#007AFF'), ('active', '#007AFF')],
relief=[('pressed', 'flat'), ('active', 'flat')])
("", background="#F2F2F7")
("", background="#FF9500", foreground="white")
("", background="#5856D6", foreground="white")
("", background="#8E8E93", foreground="white")
# Calculate the result variable self.previous_result = 0
def add_number(self, number):
if self.reset_input:
self.current_input = ""
self.reset_input = False
if number == "." and "." in self.current_input:
return
self.current_input += number
self.expression_var.set(self.current_input)
def add_operation(self, operation):
if self.current_input == "" and self.previous_input == "":
return
if self.previous_input:
()
= operation
else:
= operation
self.previous_input = self.current_input
self.current_input = ""
self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input + " " + operation)
def add_function(self, function):
if self.reset_input:
self.current_input = ""
self.reset_input = False
# Check if brackets are required if not (self.current_input.endswith(")") or self.current_input == ""):
self.current_input += ")"
self.current_input += function
if not self.current_input.endswith(")"):
self.current_input += "("
self.expression_var.set(self.current_input)
def clear_all(self):
self.current_input = ""
self.previous_input = ""
= None
self.reset_input = False
self.expression_var.set("")
self.result_var.set("")
def delete_last(self):
if self.current_input:
self.current_input = self.current_input[:-1]
self.expression_var.set(self.current_input if self.current_input else "")
elif self.previous_input:
self.previous_input = self.previous_input[:-1]
self.expression_var.set(self.previous_input if self.previous_input else "")
def calculate(self):
try:
# Replace x with * for calculation expression = self.current_input.replace("^", "**")
# Handle special functions if "sin(" in expression:
expression = ("sin(", "(")
if "cos(" in expression:
expression = ("cos(", "(")
if "tan(" in expression:
expression = ("tan(", "(")
if "log(" in expression:
expression = ("log(", "math.log10(")
if "√(" in expression:
expression = ("√(", "(")
result = eval(expression, {"math": math})
self.previous_input = str(result)
self.current_input = str(result)
self.expression_var.set(str(result))
self.result_var.set("=" + str(result))
self.previous_result = result
self.reset_input = True
# Add to history if self.previous_input and and self.current_input:
expr = f"{self.previous_input} {} {self.current_input}"
((expr, str(result)))
if len() > 10: # Limit the number of history records (0)
except Exception as e:
self.expression_var.set("mistake")
self.result_var.set("")
self.current_input = ""
self.previous_input = ""
self.reset_input = False
@property
def current_input(self):
return self._current_input
@current_input.setter
def current_input(self, value):
self._current_input = value
def show_history(self):
history_window = ()
history_window.title("Computation History")
history_window.geometry("400x400")
history_text = (history_window, font=("Arial", 12))
history_text.pack(fill=, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
for expr, res in :
history_text.insert(, f"{expr} = {res}\n")
history_text.config(state=)
# Create the main window and run the calculatorif __name__ == "__main__":
import math
root = ()
# Add custom styles style = ()
style.theme_use('clam')
calculator = AdvancedCalculator(root)
()4. Function description
4.1 Basic functions
- Supports basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
- Supports brackets and decimal points
- Clear (C) and delete (⌫) functions
4.2 Advanced scientific computing functions
- Trigonometric functions: sin, cos, tan
- Logarithmic function: log10
- Square root: √
- Power operations: x², x³, x^y
- Constant: π, e
- Factorial: n!
- Inverse function: 1/x
4.3 Extra Features
- History: Record the last 10 calculations
- Ans function: Use the last calculation result
5. Expansion suggestions
- Graphic drawing function: Add function drawing function, can be integrated using matplotlib
- Unit conversion: Add unit conversion functions such as length, weight, temperature, etc.
- Equation Solving: Add solutions to quadratic equations, etc.
- Statistical calculations: Add statistical functions such as mean value and standard deviation
- Programming mode: Add custom function definition function
This calculator program provides complete scientific computing functions, with a simple and intuitive interface, suitable for learning and daily use.
The above is the detailed content of using Python to create a complete Windows-style calculator program. For more information about creating a Windows-style calculator program in Python, please follow my other related articles!