Variables are only available within the created area. This is called a scope.
local scope
Variables created inside a function belong to the local scope of that function and can only be used inside that function.
an actual example
Variables created inside a function are available inside that function:
def myfunc(): x = 100 print(x) myfunc()
running example
100
Functions inside functions
As shown in the above example, the variable x is not available outside the function, but it is available to any function inside the function:
an actual example
Ability to access local variables from a function within a function:
def myfunc():
x = 100
def myinnerfunc():
print(x)
myinnerfunc()
myfunc()
running example
100
global scope
Variables created in the body of Python code are global variables and are globally scoped.
Global variables are available in any scope (global and local).
an actual example
Variables created outside of a function are global variables and can be used by anyone:
x = 100 def myfunc(): print(x) myfunc() print(x)
running example
100 100
named variable
If you manipulate variables with the same name inside and outside a function, Python treats them as two separate variables, one available globally (outside the function) and one available locally (inside the function):
an actual example
The function will print the local variable x, and then the code will print the global variable x as well:
x = 100 def myfunc(): x = 200 print(x) myfunc() print(x)
running example
200 100
Global Keywords
If you need to create a global variable that is stuck in local scope, you can use the global keyword.
The global keyword makes the variable global.
an actual example
If the global keyword is used, the variable is globally scoped:
def myfunc(): global x x = 100 myfunc() print(x)
running example
100
Also, use the global keyword if you want to change global variables inside a function.
an actual example
To change the value of a global variable from within a function, reference the variable with the global keyword:
x = 100 def myfunc(): global x x = 200 myfunc() print(x)
running example
200
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