I. Installing selenium
pip install Selenium
II. Initializing the browser
- Chrome is initialized Google Chrome
- Firefox is the initialized Firefox browser
- Edge is the initialization of Internet Explorer
- PhantomJS is an interface-less browser.
from selenium import webdriver driver = ()
Third, set the browser size
maximize_window maximize_window
set_window_size Customize window size
from selenium import webdriver driver = () driver.maximize_window()
IV. Access page
from selenium import webdriver
driver = ()
('')
V. Positioning elements
The basic method of positioning an element is as follows
| Positioning an element | Positioning multiple elements | account for |
| find_element_by_id | find_elements_by_id | Positioning by element id |
| find_element_by_name | find_elements_by_name | Positioning by element name |
| find_element_by_xpath | find_elements_by_xpath | Locate by xpath expression |
| find_element_by_link_text | find_elements_by_link_tex | Locate by full hyperlink |
| find_element_by_partial_link_text | find_elements_by_partial_link_text | Locate by partial link |
| find_element_by_tag_name | find_elements_by_tag_name | Positioning by tag |
| find_element_by_class_name | find_elements_by_class_name | Localization by class name |
| find_elements_by_css_selector | find_elements_by_css_selector | Positioning via css selector |
Demonstration: Finding the input box on Baidu's homepage
from selenium import webdriver
driver = ()
('')
driver.find_element_by_id('kw')
VI. Another way to write positioning elements
Need to introduce By module
from selenium import webdriver
from import By
driver = ()
('')
driver.find_element(, 'kw')
VII. Element Interaction
|
methodologies |
account for |
| click() | Click on an element |
| send_keys(input value) | analog input |
| clear() | Clearing operations |
| submit() | Submit form |
| get_attribute(name) | Getting the value of an element's attribute |
| location | Getting the position of an element |
| text | Get the text value of the element |
| size | Get the size of the element |
| id | Get the id value of the element |
| tag_name | Get the tag name of the element |
Demo: Type I am autofelix in the Baidu input box and click the search button.
from selenium import webdriver
driver = ()
('')
driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('I'm autofelix'.)
driver.find_element_by_id('su').click()
VIII. Implementation of js
from selenium import webdriver
driver = ()
driver.maximize_window()
('')
js_sql = '''
('kw').value = 'I'm autofelix'.
'''
driver.execute_script(js_sql)
IX. Frame operation
- If you have a frame on the page, you need to perform a cut-in/cut-out operation.
- switch_to.from(id name of the child iframe) cut to
- switch_to.parent_frame(name of the id of the parent iframe) cutout
from selenium import webdriver
driver = ()
driver.maximize_window()
('')
//this site does not have iframe, I guess there is, you guys look at it on the line
driver.switch_to.frame('The iframe I guessed up')
X. Cookie operation
| methodologies | clarification |
| delete_all_cookies() | Delete all cookies from the current page |
| get_cookie(name) | Get the value of the specified cookie |
| get_cookies() | Get all cookies for the current page |
| add_cookie() | Setting cookie values |
XI. Tab management
| methodologies | account for |
| window_handles | Save tuple of all tabs |
| switch_to.window() | Toggle tabs |
from selenium import webdriver
driver = ()
driver.maximize_window()
('')
driver.delete_all_cookies()
driver.add_cookie({'name': 'name', 'domain': '.', 'value': 'autofelix'})
XII. Mouse events
Mouse events need to be introducedActionChains module
| methodologies | clarification |
| move_to_element(above) | right click |
| double_click() | double-click |
| drag_and_drop() | Left click and hold to drag |
| perform() | Motion Storage |
Demo: Sliding Slider Captcha
from selenium import webdriver
from import ActionChains
from import By
from import WebDriverWait
from import expected_conditions as EC
# Initialize Google Chrome
driver = ()
# Maximize the window
driver.maximize_window()
# Open the headline landing site
('')
# Waiting to see if an element is present
WebDriverWait(, 10).until(
EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((, '//*[@]/span'), u'send')
)
# Instantiate mouse operations
action = ActionChains()
# Press and hold the slider
action.click_and_hold(.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@]')).perform()
# Move the slider x distance
action.move_by_offset(xoffset=x, yoffset=0).perform()
# Release the slider
().perform()
XIII. Waiting
- Cryptic waiting
- If the specified element is not present by a certain time, the process does not block, but if it is not found by the specified time, an exception is thrown
from selenium import webdriver
driver = ()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
('')
- Show Waiting
- If the specified element does not appear within a certain period of time, the process will block here, and if it is not found by the specified time, an exception will be thrown
from selenium import webdriver
from import By
from import WebDriverWait
from import expected_conditions as EC
driver = ()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
('')
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((, 'kw'))
)
XIV. Forward, backward and refresh
- back
- forward
- refresh Refreshes the browser
from selenium import webdriver
driver = ()
('')
('')
('')
()
()
()
XV. Closing the browser
- close Closes the current tab
- quit Close the entire browser
from selenium import webdriver
driver = ()
('')
//Open Baidu page, close the entire browser
()
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