contexts
Recently, I've been learning python GUI, starting with tkinter, and I'd like to make a small piece of software to practice with.
Thinking about it, I decided to make a calculator.
Design Ideas
First, import the package we need - tkinter and create the window by instantiating a Tk object
Since I'm a bit of a novice and can't control the placement of the components well at the moment, I'm using the automatic default size for the window.
import tkinter as tk
import
win = ()
("Calculator.")
()
Plan the location of the components in a general way
My goal is to make it look like this (final result)
After roughly mapping out the locations, I created four frames, as follows
u1s1, it feels like two or three is enough
# Frames that host prompts and input boxes entry_frame = (win) # Frames to carry the operator symbols menu_frame = (win) # Frames that carry the numbers major_frame = (win) # Frames that carry the equals sign cal_frame = (win) entry_frame.pack(side="top") menu_frame.pack(side="left") major_frame.pack() cal_frame.pack(side="right")
Here's how to make an input box, divided into two parts
- One part is the Chinese character part, prompting for information, using the Label control.
- One part is an input box, using the Entry control.
t_label = (entry_frame, text = "Please enter : ")
t_label.pack(side='left')
word_entry = (
entry_frame,
fg = "blue", # Enter the font color, set to blue
bd = 3, # Border width
width = 39, # Input box length
justify = 'right' # Set alignment to right
)
word_entry.pack()
Then line up the symbols on the left-hand side below.
for char in ['+', '-', '×', '÷']:
myButton(menu_frame, char, word_entry)
In this case, the myButton class instantiates a button, and when the button is clicked, the corresponding text appears in the input box
I had a problem at the time - clicking on the button did not get the text on the button you were fighting for, and after solving the problem I wrote a blog post about it.portal
List the numbers in the same way
for i in range(4):
num_frame = (major_frame)
num_frame.pack()
if i < 3:
for count in range(3*i+1, 3*i+4):
myButton(num_frame, count, word_entry, side=(i, count))
continue
myButton(num_frame, 0, word_entry, side=(i, 0))
Of course, you can't forget the reset button and the calculate button.
The final calculation is a bit lazy, directly use () to get the formula to be calculated, use the eval() function to calculate, if the format is wrong that is, the pop-up window prompts
def calculate(entry):
try:
result = ()
# If no string exists in the input box, the = button doesn't work
if result == '':
return
result = eval(result)
(0, "end")
(0, str(result))
except:
("Error.", "Formatting error! \n Please re-enter!")
reset_btn = (
cal_frame,
text = 'Reset',
activeforeground = "blue",
activebackground = "pink",
width = "13",
command = lambda :word_entry.delete(0, "end")
).pack(side="left")
result_btn = (
cal_frame,
text = '=',
activeforeground = "blue",
activebackground = "pink",
width = "13",
command = lambda :calculate(word_entry)
).pack(side="right")
All Codes
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2021/3/4 13:06
# @Author : lhys
# @FileName:
myName = r'''
Welcome, my master!
My Name is :
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ______________
| | | | | | | \ / | / /
| | | | | | | \ / | / /
| | | | | | | \ / | / /
| | | | | | \ \_/ / / _______/
| | | |______| | \ / \ \
| | | | \ / \ \
| | | ______ | \ / \ \
| | | | | | \ / \________ \
| | | | | | | | / /
| |_______ | | | | | | / /
| | | | | | | | / /
|____________| |____| |____| |_____| /______________/
'''
print(myName)
import tkinter as tk
from tools import *
win = ()
('Calculator')
entry_frame = (win)
menu_frame = (win)
major_frame = (win)
cal_frame = (win)
entry_frame.pack(side="top")
menu_frame.pack(side="left")
major_frame.pack()
cal_frame.pack()
# Input box
t_label = (entry_frame, text = "Please enter : ")
t_label.pack(side='left')
word_entry = (
entry_frame,
fg = "blue",
bd = 3,
width = 39,
justify = 'right'
)
word_entry.pack()
# Menu bar
for char in ['+', '-', '×', '÷']:
myButton(menu_frame, char, word_entry)
button_side = ['right', 'left']
for i in range(4):
num_frame = (major_frame)
num_frame.pack()
if i < 3:
for count in range(3*i+1, 3*i+4):
myButton(num_frame, count, word_entry, side=(i, count))
continue
myButton(num_frame, 0, word_entry, side=(i, 0))
reset_btn = (
cal_frame,
text = 'Reset',
activeforeground = "blue",
activebackground = "pink",
width = "13",
command = lambda :word_entry.delete(0, "end")
).pack(side="left")
result_btn = (
cal_frame,
text = '=',
activeforeground = "blue",
activebackground = "pink",
width = "13",
command = lambda :calculate(word_entry)
).pack(side="right")
()
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2021/3/4 13:20
# @Author : lhys
# @FileName:
import tkinter
import
def calculate(entry):
try:
result = ()
if result == '':
return
result = eval(result)
print(result)
(0, "end")
(0, str(result))
except:
("Error.", "Formatting error! \n Please re-enter!")
class myButton():
def __init__(self, frame, text, entry, **kwargs):
side = ('side') if 'side' in kwargs else ()
= (
frame,
text = text,
activeforeground="blue",
activebackground="pink",
width="13",
command=lambda :("end", text)
)
if side:
(row=side[0], column=side[1])
else:
()
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