Abstract: Python as a powerful programming language, provides a wealth of built-in functions for a variety of common operations, such as mathematical operations, data conversion, iterative control and so on. In this article, we will introduce in detail the usage of common built-in functions in Python from beginner to master, through code examples and Chinese comments, to help you deeply understand how to flexibly apply these functions.
1. Introduction
Python built-in functions are a set of functions available directly in the interpreter that provide developers with a rich set of tools to handle a variety of tasks, from mathematical calculations to data manipulation. In this article, we will explore some common built-in functions and demonstrate their usage in detail through code examples.
2. abs() function
The abs() function is used to return the absolute value of a specified number. It can handle a variety of numeric types such as integers and floating point numbers.
number = -10 abs_value = abs(number) print(abs_value) # exports：10
3. dict() function
The dict() function is used to create a dictionary object, or to create a dictionary from other iterable objects. Arguments can be passed in as key-value pairs or as keyword arguments.
# Create dictionaries
person = dict(name="Alice", age=25)
# Create dictionaries from iterable objects
items = [("name", "Bob"), ("age", 30)]
person_dict = dict(items)
print(person) # exports：{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}4. help() function
The help() function is used to get help information for functions, modules, classes and other objects. It displays the relevant documentation string on the console.
help(print) # gain print Helpful information for functions
5. min() function
The min() function is used to return the minimum value of a given iterable object. It can take multiple arguments.
numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1, 7] min_value = min(numbers) print(min_value) # exports：1
6. setattr() function
The setattr() function is used to set the value of an attribute of an object. It accepts object, attribute name and attribute value as arguments.
class Person: pass person = Person() setattr(person, "name", "Alice") print() # exports：Alice
7. all() function
The all() function is used to determine whether all elements of an iterable object are true. It returns True if all elements of the iterable are true (non-zero, non-empty, non-None, etc.), otherwise it returns False.
values = [True, True, False] result = all(values) print(result) # exports：False
8. dir() function
The dir() function is used to get a list of all the properties and methods of an object. If no arguments are passed, it returns all the names of the current scope.
dir_list = dir(list) print(dir_list) # All properties and methods of the output list
9. hex() function
The hex() function is used to convert an integer to a hexadecimal string.
number = 255 hex_string = hex(number) print(hex_string) # exports：0xff
10. next() function
The next() function is used to get the next element from the iterator. If a second argument is provided (the default value), it is returned at the end of the iteration.
numbers = [1, 2, 3] iter_numbers = iter(numbers) next_value = next(iter_numbers) print(next_value) # exports：1
11. slice() function
The slice() function is used to create a slice object that can be used for slicing operations.
numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] s = slice(1, 4) # Slice from index 1 to 3 subset = numbers[s] print(subset) # exports：[1, 2, 3]
12. any() function
The any() function is used to determine if an element of an iterable is true. It returns True if any element of the iterable is true, otherwise it returns False.
values = [False, False, True] result = any(values) print(result) # exports：True
13. divmod() function
The divmod() function is used to get the quotient and remainder of two numbers.
quotient, remainder = divmod(10, 3) print(quotient, remainder) # exports：3 1
14. id() function
The id() function is used to get the memory address of the object.
person = {"name": "Alice"}
memory_address = id(person)
print(memory_address) # Output the memory address of the object15. object() function
The object() function is used to create an empty object. It is usually used as a base class.
empty_object = object() print(empty_object) # exports：<object object at ...>
16. sorted() function
The sorted() function is used to sort the iterable objects and return a new list.
numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1, 7] sorted_numbers = sorted(numbers) print(sorted_numbers) # exports：[1, 2, 5, 7, 9]
17. Summary
Python built-in functions provide a variety of powerful tools for handling different types of operations. This article introduces the usage of some common built-in functions, including abs(), dict(), help(), min(), setattr(), all(), dir(), hex(), next(), slice(), any(), divmod(), id(), object(), and sorted(). By learning more about these functions, you can be more flexible in dealing with various programming tasks and improve the efficiency and readability of your code. We hope this article will help you master the use of common built-in functions in Python from beginner to expert.
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