1.% Formatting
Grammar:
%[(name)][flags][width].[precision]typecodeParameters:
(name) Optional, for selecting the specified key
flags Optional, alignment, optional value is:
+ means right-aligned
-indicates left alignment.
' ' is a space, indicating that a space is filled in to the left of a positive number and a negative number is preceded by a minus sign.
0 Right-aligned, positive numbers preceded by no sign, negative numbers preceded by a minus sign, blanks filled with zeros
width Optional Indicates display width
.precision Optional Indicates the number of decimal places
typecode Required , the parameters that can be selected are:
s denotes a string
d Represents an integer
f denotes a floating point number
1.1 Simple formatting without optional parameters
print('%s total assets are %f dollars'%('Company A',156261595.89))
print('%s total assets are %d$'%('Company A',156261595.89))
Implementation results:
The total assets of Company A are $15,626,1595.890000
Company A has total assets of $15,626,595
1.2 Complex formatting, using optional parameters
1.2.1 Parameter (name), used to select the specified key
d = {'name':'Company A', 'assets':156261595.89}
print("company identification%(name)s,Total assets amounted to%(assets)funit of money (in PRC: Chinese yuan, in USA: dollar, etc)。" %d)
Implementation results:
The name of the company is Company A. The total assets are $15,626,1595.890000.
1.2.2 Parameters flags and width, alignment and width
d = {'name':'Company A', 'assets':156261595.89}
print("company identification%(name)+6s,Total assets amounted to%(assets)-20funit of money (in PRC: Chinese yuan, in USA: dollar, etc)。" %d)
Implementation results:
The name of the company is Company A, with total assets of $15,626,1595.890000.
1.2.3 The .precision parameter controls the number of decimal places.
d = {'name':'Company A', 'assets':156261595.89345}
print("company identification%(name)+4s,Total assets amounted to%(assets).2funit of money (in PRC: Chinese yuan, in USA: dollar, etc)。" %d)
Implementation results:
Name of the company Company A, with total assets of $15,626,595.89.
formatting
Functions to format strings
(),The basic syntax is passed through the{}cap (a poem):to implement formatting in place of the %format method, theformatFunctions can take an unlimited number of arguments, and the positions can be out of order.Main Parameter Interpretation:
[Filling]The character to be padded after the : sign can only be one character, if not specified, the default is padded with spaces.
[Alignment and width]^, <, > are centered, left-justified, and right-justified, respectively, followed by a width
[Positive and negative numbers displayed] + indicates that + is displayed before a positive number and - before a negative number; (space) indicates that a space is added before a positive number
[Data type] s for strings d for integers f for floating point numbers
2.1 Customizing Placeholders
# Custom placeholders
s = '{0}The total assets of the{1}unit of money (in PRC: Chinese yuan, in USA: dollar, etc)'
print(('Company A','156261595.89'))
Implementation results:
Company A has total assets of $15,626,595.89
2.2 Customized keywords
# Customized keywords
s = '{name}The total assets of the{liabilities}unit of money (in PRC: Chinese yuan, in USA: dollar, etc)'
print((name='Company A',liabilities='156261595.89'))
Implementation results:
Company A has total assets of $15,626,595.89
2.3 Filling and alignment (used together)
# Filling and alignment (used together)
# The :sign is followed by a padded character, which can only be a single character; if you don't specify it, it is padded with spaces by default.
# ^, <, > are centered, left-justified, and right-justified, respectively, followed by the width of the
s = '{name}The total assets of the{liabilities:*>20}unit of money (in PRC: Chinese yuan, in USA: dollar, etc)'
print((name='Company A',liabilities=156261595.89))
Implementation results:
The total assets of Company A are ********156261595.89
2.4 Digital formatting
# Floating point, two decimal places
s = '{name}The total assets of the{liabilities:.2f}unit of money (in PRC: Chinese yuan, in USA: dollar, etc)'
print((name='Company A',liabilities=156261595.8988))
Implementation results:
Company A has total assets of $15,626,595.90
# Floating-point with two decimal places and thousands separator
s = '{name}The total assets of the{liabilities:,.2f}unit of money (in PRC: Chinese yuan, in USA: dollar, etc)'
print((name='Company A',liabilities=156261595))
Results.
The total assets of Company A are $156,261,595.00
# Floating-point, with two decimal places and a thousandths separator, indicating that + is displayed before positive numbers and - before negative numbers.
s = '{name}The total assets of the{liabilities:+,.2f}unit of money (in PRC: Chinese yuan, in USA: dollar, etc)'
print((name='Company A',liabilities=156261595))
Results.
Company A's total assets are +$156,261,595.00
# Percentage, two decimal places
s = '{name}The gearing ratio is{gearing:.2%}'
print((name='Company A',gearing=0.8544))
Results.
Company A has a gearing ratio of 85.44%
-String formatting
PythonFormatting stringsf-string, usingf'{content:format}' Sets the string format, wherecontent is to replace and fill in the contents of the string, which can be a variable, expression, function, etc. You don't need to specify the{:format}, just write {content} that is.
3.1 Simple use
# Simple to use
name = 'Company A'
assets = 156261595
msg = f'{name}The total assets of the{assets}unit of money (in PRC: Chinese yuan, in USA: dollar, etc)。'
print(msg)
Results.
Company A has total assets of $15,626,595.
3.2 Complex control
# {content:format} Formatting using the
name = 'Company A'
assets = 156261595
msg = f'{name}The total assets of the{assets:,.2f}unit of money (in PRC: Chinese yuan, in USA: dollar, etc)。'
print(msg)
Results.
Company A has total assets of $156,261,595.00.
Annotation:Filling and alignment and the handling of numeric values with theformatThe function formatting is similar, cf.formatPart of the explanation.
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