Using global variables across multiple files in Python

This trivial guide is about using global variables across multiple files in Python. But before we get into the meat of it, let's take a brief look at global variables and their use across multiple files.

Global Variables in Python

Global variables are variables that are not function-scoped and can be used throughout the program. This indicates that global variables can also be used inside or outside the function body.

Let's look at an example:

x = "my global var"
def fun1():
    print("Inside fun1(): ",x)
fun1()
print("In global context: ",x)

We defined a global variable x in this code and assigned some values to it. We then printed the x variable inside and outside the function to see the values in both ranges.

Output results:

The output indicates that the value of the variable is the same both inside and outside the function. If we need to change the value of a global variable within some local scope, such as within a function, then we need to use the keyword global when declaring the variable.

Using global variables across multiple files

If our program uses multiple files and those files need to be updated with variables, then we should declare the variables with the global keyword like this:

global x = "My global var"

Consider an example where we have to deal with multiple Python code files and a global variable for a list of students. The files have a global list of students, and there is a method to append students to this global list.

We can implement this concept with the following code:

Code- :

def initialize():
    global students
    students = []

Code- :

import resource
def addStudent():
    ('John')
    ('Dave')

Code- :

import resource
import prog
()
()
print([0])
print([1])

In the first file, we define a function in which we declare a list, studentList , and initialize it to an empty list. In the next file (i.e. ), we include the resource module and then define a function addStudent in which we append two objects to the global list studentList.

In the main file, we have included two modules, resource and prog. Later, we call the functions initialize and addStudent from these modules.

After that, when we print the list index, we get the following output:

Thus, we can use the global keyword to define global variables in one Python file for use in other files. Now, to access a file's global variables in another file, import the file with the global variables as a module of the other file, and directly access any global variables of the imported module without additional complexity.

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