Details on the use of the fnmatch module in Python

"""Filename matching with shell patterns.

fnmatch(FILENAME, PATTERN) matches according to the local convention.
fnmatchcase(FILENAME, PATTERN) always takes case in account.

The functions operate by translating the pattern into a regular
expression. They cache the compiled regular expressions for speed.

The function translate(PATTERN) returns a regular expression
corresponding to PATTERN. (It does not compile it.)
"""
import os
import posixpath
import re
import functools

__all__ = ["filter", "fnmatch", "fnmatchcase", "translate"]

def fnmatch(name, pat):
  """Test whether FILENAME matches PATTERN.

  Patterns are Unix shell style:

  *    matches everything
  ?    matches any single character
  [seq]  matches any character in seq
  [!seq] matches any char not in seq

  An initial period in FILENAME is not special.
  Both FILENAME and PATTERN are first case-normalized
  if the operating system requires it.
  If you don't want this, use fnmatchcase(FILENAME, PATTERN).
  """
  name = (name)
  pat = (pat)
  return fnmatchcase(name, pat)

@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=256, typed=True)
def _compile_pattern(pat):
  if isinstance(pat, bytes):
    pat_str = str(pat, 'ISO-8859-1')
    res_str = translate(pat_str)
    res = bytes(res_str, 'ISO-8859-1')
  else:
    res = translate(pat)
  return (res).match

def filter(names, pat):
  """Return the subset of the list NAMES that match PAT."""
  result = []
  pat = (pat)
  match = _compile_pattern(pat)
  if  is posixpath:
    # normcase on posix is NOP. Optimize it away from the loop.
    for name in names:
      if match(name):
        (name)
  else:
    for name in names:
      if match((name)):
        (name)
  return result

def fnmatchcase(name, pat):
  """Test whether FILENAME matches PATTERN, including case.

  This is a version of fnmatch() which doesn't case-normalize
  its arguments.
  """
  match = _compile_pattern(pat)
  return match(name) is not None


def translate(pat):
  """Translate a shell PATTERN to a regular expression.

  There is no way to quote meta-characters.
  """

  i, n = 0, len(pat)
  res = ''
  while i < n:
    c = pat[i]
    i = i+1
    if c == '*':
      res = res + '.*'
    elif c == '?':
      res = res + '.'
    elif c == '[':
      j = i
      if j < n and pat[j] == '!':
        j = j+1
      if j < n and pat[j] == ']':
        j = j+1
      while j < n and pat[j] != ']':
        j = j+1
      if j >= n:
        res = res + '\\['
      else:
        stuff = pat[i:j].replace('\\','\\\\')
        i = j+1
        if stuff[0] == '!':
          stuff = '^' + stuff[1:]
        elif stuff[0] == '^':
          stuff = '\\' + stuff
        res = '%s[%s]' % (res, stuff)
    else:
      res = res + (c)
  return r'(?s:%s)\Z' % res

def gen_find(filepat, top):
  """
  Finds all filenames in the directory tree that match the shell's regular match
  :param filepat: shell regular
  :param top: Directory path
  :return: file absolute path generator
  """
  for path, _, filenames in (top):
    for file in (filenames, filepat):
      yield (path, file)

# List all python files in the tuple
pyfiles = [py for py in ('', '', '') if fnmatch(py, '*.py')]
# string startswith() cap (a poem) endswith() method is also useful for filtering the contents of a directory

# A feature of these two functions that is often overlooked is that they are also useful when working with strings that are not filenames. For example, suppose you have a list of street addresses as data
address = [
  '5412 N CLARK ST',
  '1060 W ADDISON ST',
  '1039 W GRANVILLE AVE',
  '2122 N CLARK ST',
  '4802 N BROADWAY',
]
print([addr for addr in address if fnmatchcase(addr, '* ST')])

shell_match = 'Celery_?*.py'
print(translate(shell_match))
# output result：(?s:Celery_..*\.py)\Z